# CVE-2025-35432: CISA Thorium does not rate limit account verification email messages

> Remote attackers can spam account verification emails to pending users due to missing rate limits, causing resource exhaustion or user annoyance.

- **Severity:** Medium 6.9 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 17 Sep 2025
- **Updated:** 30 Sep 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-wc3h-h5hx-5r6h

## What is CVE-2025-35432?

CVE-2025-35432 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in CISA Thorium, published on 17 Sep 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

CISA Thorium does not rate limit requests to send account verification email messages. A remote unauthenticated attacker can send unlimited messages to a user who is pending verification. Fixed in 1.1.1 by adding a rate limit set by default to 10 minutes.

Weakness: CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-35432?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Cisa Thorium.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-35432?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-35432 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-35432 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-35432 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in CISA Thorium

- [CVE-2025-35436](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35436/): CISA Thorium account verification email error handling (medium 6.9)
- [CVE-2025-35430](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35430/): CISA Thorium insecure downloaded file path validation (medium 5.3)
- [CVE-2025-35431](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35431/): CISA Thorium LDAP injection (medium 5.3)
- [CVE-2025-35435](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35435/): CISA Thorium download stream divide by zero (medium 5.3)
- [CVE-2025-35433](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35433/): CISA Thorium does not properly invalidate previously used tokens (low 2.3)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-35432 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-35432 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in CISA Thorium, published on 17 Sep 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-35432 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: CISA Thorium. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35432/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35432/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35432
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-35432
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-35432

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35432/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.