# CVE-2025-3991: TOTOLINK N150RT formWdsEncrypt buffer overflow

> Remote attackers can trigger a buffer overflow in the TOTOLINK N150RT router via the formWdsEncrypt endpoint, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.

- **Severity:** High 8.7 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 27 Apr 2025
- **Updated:** 28 Apr 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-53vj-jg5c-244w

## What is CVE-2025-3991?

CVE-2025-3991 is a high-severity memory corruption vulnerability in TOTOLINK N150RT, published on 27 Apr 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. This affects an unknown part of the file /boafrm/formWdsEncrypt. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Weakness: CWE-120 (Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input), CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-3991?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Totolink N150rt Firmware.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-3991?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-3991 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-3991 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-3991 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in TOTOLINK N150RT

- [CVE-2025-4462](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-4462/): TOTOLINK N150RT formWsc buffer overflow (high 8.7)
- [CVE-2025-3992](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-3992/): TOTOLINK N150RT formWlwds buffer overflow (high 8.7)
- [CVE-2025-3993](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-3993/): TOTOLINK N150RT formWsc buffer overflow (high 8.7)
- [CVE-2025-3988](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-3988/): TOTOLINK N150RT formPortFw buffer overflow (high 8.7)
- [CVE-2025-3989](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-3989/): TOTOLINK N150RT formStaticDHCP buffer overflow (high 8.7)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-3991 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-3991 is a high-severity memory corruption vulnerability in TOTOLINK N150RT, published on 27 Apr 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-3991 exists.

Affected product: TOTOLINK N150RT. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-3991/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-3991/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3991
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3991
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-3991

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-3991/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.