{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 1 product.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-39966 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"Apply the vendor's patch.","what":"CVE-2025-39966 is a high-severity use after free vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 15 Oct 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2025-39966 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2025-39966 is a high-severity use after free vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 15 Oct 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-39966 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected product: Linux kernel. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-39966/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-39966/index.md)","id":"CVE-2025-39966","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-39966/index.md","name":"CVE-2025-39966","record":{"aliases":["BELL-CVE-2025-39966","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39966","GHSA-jrgc-8xmv-4r2m","RHSA-2025:22802","ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-13-CVE-2025-39966","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39966"],"analysis":{"component_type":"kernel","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["code_execution","privilege_escalation"],"network_reachable":"adjacent_or_local","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Linux kernel","requires_auth":"low_privilege","summary":"A race condition in the Linux kernel iommufd subsystem allows a use-after-free, potentially enabling local attackers to execute code or escalate privileges.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"use_after_free"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"Linux","cpe":[{"product":"linux_kernel","vendor":"linux"}],"cvss":{"score":7.8,"severity":"high","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-362","name":"Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization"}],"description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommufd: Fix race during abort for file descriptors\n\nfput() doesn't actually call file_operations release() synchronously, it\nputs the file on a work queue and it will be released eventually.\n\nThis is normally fine, except for iommufd the file and the iommufd_object\nare tied to gether. The file has the object as it's private_data and holds\na users refcount, while the object is expected to remain alive as long as\nthe file is.\n\nWhen the allocation of a new object aborts before installing the file it\nwill fput() the file and then go on to immediately kfree() the obj. This\ncauses a UAF once the workqueue completes the fput() and tries to\ndecrement the users refcount.\n\nFix this by putting the core code in charge of the file lifetime, and call\n__fput_sync() during abort to ensure that release() is called before\nkfree. __fput_sync() is a bit too tricky to open code in all the object\nimplementations. Instead the objects tell the core code where the file\npointer is and the core will take care of the life cycle.\n\nIf the object is successfully allocated then the file will hold a users\nrefcount and the iommufd_object cannot be destroyed.\n\nIt is worth noting that close(); ioctl(IOMMU_DESTROY); doesn't have an\nissue because close() is already using a synchronous version of fput().\n\nThe UAF looks like this:\n\n    BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in iommufd_eventq_fops_release+0x45/0xc0 drivers/iommu/iommufd/eventq.c:376\n    Write of size 4 at addr ffff888059c97804 by task syz.0.46/6164\n\n    CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6164 Comm: syz.0.46 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)\n    Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 08/18/2025\n    Call Trace:\n     \u003cTASK\u003e\n     __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n     dump_stack_lvl+0x116/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n     print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\n     print_report+0xcd/0x630 mm/kasan/report.c:482\n     kasan_report+0xe0/0x110 mm/kasan/report.c:595\n     check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:183 [inline]\n     kasan_check_range+0x100/0x1b0 mm/kasan/generic.c:189\n     instrument_atomic_read_write include/linux/instrumented.h:96 [inline]\n     atomic_fetch_sub_release include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:400 [inline]\n     __refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:455 [inline]\n     refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:476 [inline]\n     iommufd_eventq_fops_release+0x45/0xc0 drivers/iommu/iommufd/eventq.c:376\n     __fput+0x402/0xb70 fs/file_table.c:468\n     task_work_run+0x14d/0x240 kernel/task_work.c:227\n     resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline]\n     exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xeb/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:43\n     exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]\n     syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]\n     syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]\n     do_syscall_64+0x41c/0x4c0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100\n     entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f","ecosystems":["Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::crb","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::nfv","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::realtime"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"none_known"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"iommufd: Fix race during abort for file descriptors","id":"CVE-2025-39966","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":"linux:linux_kernel","products":["linux:linux_kernel"],"type":"use_after_free","year":"2025"},"n_packages":160,"n_references":3,"next":{"headline":"fbcon: fix integer overflow in fbcon_do_set_font","id":"CVE-2025-39967"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debug-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debug-devel","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-devel","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-devel-matched","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-devel-matched","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debug-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-debug-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debug-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-debug-devel","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debug-devel-matched","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-debug-devel-matched","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-devel","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-devel-matched","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-devel-matched","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-doc","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-doc","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-64k-debug-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-rt-64k-debug-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-64k-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-rt-64k-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-debug-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-rt-debug-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-rt-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-tools-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-tools-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-zfcpdump-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-zfcpdump-devel","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matched","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matched","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"libperf-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/libperf-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"perf","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/perf","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"perf-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/perf-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python3-perf","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python3-perf","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python3-perf-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python3-perf-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rtla","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/rtla","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rv","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/rv","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-core","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-core","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debug","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debug-core","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debug-core","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debug-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debug-modules","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","fixed":["0:5.14.0-570.72.1.el9_6"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-64k-debug-modules-core","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-64k-debug-modules-core","source":"RHSA-2025:22802"}],"prev":{"headline":"xfrm: xfrm_alloc_spi shouldn't use 0 as SPI","id":"CVE-2025-39965"},"products":["Linux"],"published":"2025-10-15","related":[{"cvss_score":8.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write","id":"CVE-2026-53266","kev_date_added":"2026-09-18","published":"2026-06-25"},{"cvss_score":8.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Improper Input Validation","id":"CVE-2013-6282","kev_date_added":"2022-09-15","published":"2013-11-19"},{"cvss_score":8.4,"headline":"Linux Kernel Heap-Based Buffer Overflow","id":"CVE-2022-0185","kev_date_added":"2024-08-21","published":"2022-02-11"},{"cvss_score":8.4,"headline":"Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation","id":"CVE-2013-2094","kev_date_added":"2022-09-15","published":"2013-05-14"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Unspecified","id":"CVE-2026-53362","kev_date_added":"2026-08-27","published":"2026-07-04"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Missing Initialization of a Variable","id":"CVE-2026-46300","kev_date_added":"2026-10-28","published":"2026-05-23"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Race Condition","id":"CVE-2025-39964","kev_date_added":"2026-09-18","published":"2025-10-13"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"Red Hat","prefix":"RHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":null,"exploitation":null,"technical_impact":null},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-08-05","vendors":["Linux"]},"summary":"A race condition in the Linux kernel iommufd subsystem allows a use-after-free, potentially enabling local attackers to execute code or escalate privileges.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-39966/"}