{"answers":{"affected":"7 open source packages ship an affected version, including protobuf. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-4565 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"Upgrade protobuf to a fixed version for your release line: 4.25.8, 5.29.5 or 6.31.1.","what":"CVE-2025-4565 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in protocolbuffers Python-Protobuf, published on 16 Jun 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2025-4565 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2025-4565 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in protocolbuffers Python-Protobuf, published on 16 Jun 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-4565 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- protobuf (PyPI): affected all versions; fixed in 4.25.8, 5.29.5, 6.31.1\n- protobuf (PyPI): affected all versions; fixed in 4.25.8\n- protobuf (PyPI): affected all versions; fixed in 4.25.8\n- protobuf (PyPI): affected from 5.26.0rc1; fixed in 5.29.5\n- protobuf (PyPI): affected from 5.26.0rc1; fixed in 5.29.5\n- protobuf (PyPI): affected from 6.30.0rc1; fixed in 6.31.1\n- protobuf (PyPI): affected from 6.30.0rc1; fixed in 6.31.1\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-4565/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-4565/index.md)","id":"CVE-2025-4565","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-4565/index.md","name":"CVE-2025-4565","record":{"aliases":["AZL-64116","AZL-64145","CLEANSTART-2026-AJ37514","CLEANSTART-2026-OD41490","CLSA-2025-1762301642","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-4565","ECHO-869d-3ec4-efd0","GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7","MINI-27vf-p2x7-jcp5","MINI-j88c-cqx4-f484","OESA-2025-1713","OESA-2025-1714","OESA-2025-1798","OESA-2025-1799","OESA-2025-1800","OESA-2025-1801","PYSEC-2026-1806","ROOT-APP-PYPI-CVE-2025-4565","SUSE-SU-2025:02309-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02310-1","SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1","SUSE-SU-2025:20514-1","SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-4565","openSUSE-SU-2025:15265-1"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["denial_of_service"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Python Protobuf library","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can cause a denial of service by sending crafted Protocol Buffers data that triggers unbounded recursion in the Python backend.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"denial_of_service"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"Google","cpe":[{"product":"protobuf-python","vendor":"google"}],"cvss":{"score":8.2,"severity":"high","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-674","name":"Uncontrolled Recursion"}],"description":"Any project that uses Protobuf Pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result in a Denial of service by crashing the application with a RecursionError. We recommend upgrading to version =\u003e6.31.1 or beyond commit 17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901","ecosystems":["PyPI","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.1","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP3","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP4","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP5","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP7","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Python 3 15 SP6","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Python 3 15 SP7","SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0","SUSE:Manager Server Module 4.3","openSUSE:Leap 15.6","openSUSE:Tumbleweed"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"none_known"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Unbounded recursion in Python Protobuf","id":"CVE-2025-4565","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"PyPI","product":null,"products":[],"type":"denial_of_service","year":"2025"},"n_packages":37,"n_references":1,"next":{"headline":"Elementor \u003c= 3.30.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Text Path Widget","id":"CVE-2025-4566"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["4.25.8","5.29.5","6.31.1"],"introduced":["0","5.26.0rc1","6.30.0rc1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:pypi/protobuf","source":"PYSEC-2026-1806"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["4.25.8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["4.25.8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:pypi/protobuf","source":"GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["5.29.5"],"introduced":["5.26.0rc1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["5.29.5"],"introduced":["5.26.0rc1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:pypi/protobuf","source":"GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["6.31.1"],"introduced":["6.30.0rc1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["6.31.1"],"introduced":["6.30.0rc1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:pypi/protobuf","source":"GHSA-8qvm-5x2c-j2w7"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.1","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Micro%205.1","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Micro%205.2","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3","fixed":["25.1-150400.9.16.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Micro%205.3","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02309-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Micro%205.3","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4","fixed":["25.1-150400.9.16.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Micro%205.4","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02309-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Micro%205.4","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5","fixed":["25.1-150500.12.11.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Micro%205.5","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02310-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Micro%205.5","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6","fixed":["25.1-150600.16.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP6","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP6","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7","fixed":["25.1-150600.16.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP7","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP7","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6","fixed":["25.1-150600.16.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP6","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7","fixed":["25.1-150600.16.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP7","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6","fixed":["25.1-150600.16.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Package%20Hub%2015%20SP6","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Package%20Hub%2015%20SP6","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Package%20Hub%2015%20SP7","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP3","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP3","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP4","fixed":["25.1-150400.9.16.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP4","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02309-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP4","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP4","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP5","fixed":["25.1-150500.12.11.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP5","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02310-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP5","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP5","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP6","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP7","fixed":["3.9.2-150200.4.27.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP7","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:3722-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Python 3 15 SP6","fixed":["25.1-150600.16.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Python%203%2015%20SP6","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Python 3 15 SP7","fixed":["25.1-150600.16.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Python%203%2015%20SP7","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0","fixed":["23.4-10.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.0","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:20514-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Manager Server Module 4.3","fixed":["25.1-150400.9.16.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/protobuf\u0026distro=SUSE%20Manager%20Server%20Module%204.3","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02309-1"},{"ecosystem":"openSUSE:Leap 15.6","fixed":["25.1-150600.16.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/opensuse/protobuf\u0026distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:02311-1"},{"ecosystem":"openSUSE:Tumbleweed","fixed":["31.1-1.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:rpm/opensuse/protobuf\u0026distro=openSUSE%20Tumbleweed","source":"openSUSE-SU-2025:15265-1"}],"prev":{"headline":"TicketBAI Facturas para WooCommerce \u003c= 3.18 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion","id":"CVE-2025-4564"},"products":["Python-Protobuf"],"published":"2025-06-16","related":[],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"PyPA Advisory Database","prefix":"PYSEC"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"SUSE","prefix":"SUSE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"SUSE","prefix":"openSUSE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-06-16","vendors":["protocolbuffers"]},"summary":"Attackers can cause a denial of service by sending crafted Protocol Buffers data that triggers unbounded recursion in the Python backend.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-4565/"}