# CVE-2025-46407: Integer overflow in SAIL Image Decoding Library

> An integer overflow in the SAIL Image Decoding Library allows remote code execution when processing a specially crafted BMP file.

- **Severity:** High 8.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** A user has to click or open something
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 25 Aug 2025
- **Updated:** 3 Nov 2025
- **Also known as:** DEBIAN-CVE-2025-46407, GHSA-wcgr-3chc-fg24, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-46407

## What is CVE-2025-46407?

CVE-2025-46407 is a high-severity vulnerability in SAIL Image Decoding Library, published on 25 Aug 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.

### Official description

A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the BMPv3 Palette Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially crafted .bmp file, an integer overflow can be made to occur which will cause a heap-based buffer to overflow when reading the palette from the image. These conditions can allow for remote code execution. An attacker will need to convince the library to read a file to trigger this vulnerability.

Weakness: CWE-680 (Integer Overflow to Buffer Overflow)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-46407?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Sail Sail.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-46407?

Upgrade to a fixed version.

## Is CVE-2025-46407 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-46407 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in SAIL Image Decoding Library

- [CVE-2026-27168](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-27168/): SAIL: Heap-based Buffer Overflow in Sail-codecs-xwd (high 8.8)
- [CVE-2025-32468](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-32468/): Integer overflow in SAIL Image Decoding Library (high 8.8)
- [CVE-2025-35984](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-35984/): Memory corruption in SAIL Image Decoding Library (high 8.8)
- [CVE-2025-50129](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-50129/): Memory corruption in SAIL Image Decoding Library (high 8.8)
- [CVE-2025-52456](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-52456/): Integer overflow in SAIL Image Decoding Library (high 8.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-46407 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-46407 is a high-severity vulnerability in SAIL Image Decoding Library, published on 25 Aug 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-46407 exists.

Affected product: SAIL Image Decoding Library. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-46407/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-46407/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46407
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46407
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-46407

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-46407/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.