{"answers":{"affected":"6 open source packages ship an affected version, including rack. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-46727 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"Upgrade rack to a fixed version for your release line: 2.2.14, 3.0.16 or 3.1.14.","what":"CVE-2025-46727 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in rack, published on 7 May 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2025-46727 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2025-46727 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in rack, published on 7 May 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-46727 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- rack (RubyGems): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.14\n- rack (RubyGems): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.14\n- rack (RubyGems): affected from 3.0; fixed in 3.0.16\n- rack (RubyGems): affected from 3.0; fixed in 3.0.16\n- rack (RubyGems): affected from 3.1; fixed in 3.1.14\n- rack (RubyGems): affected from 3.1; fixed in 3.1.14\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-46727/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-46727/index.md)","id":"CVE-2025-46727","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-46727/index.md","name":"CVE-2025-46727","record":{"aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2025-46727","GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx","MINI-7rf6-4wjc-h5q8","MINI-m77v-pp9v-prv2","OESA-2025-2211","OESA-2025-2212","OESA-2025-2213","OESA-2025-2214","OESA-2025-2215","OESA-2025-2291","RHSA-2025:7604","RHSA-2025:7605","RHSA-2025:8256","RHSA-2025:8288","RHSA-2025:8289","RHSA-2025:8319","RHSA-2025:8322","RLSA-2025:8256","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-46727","openSUSE-SU-2025:15067-1"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["denial_of_service"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Ruby web server interface","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can cause denial of service by sending requests with excessive parameters, exhausting memory and CPU in Rack::QueryParser.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"denial_of_service"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"GitHub_M","cpe":[{"product":"rack","vendor":"rack"}],"cvss":{"score":7.5,"severity":"high","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-770","name":"Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"},{"id":"CWE-400","name":"Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"}],"description":"Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.14, 3.0.16, and 3.1.14, `Rack::QueryParser` parses query strings and `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` bodies into Ruby data structures without imposing any limit on the number of parameters, allowing attackers to send requests with extremely large numbers of parameters. The vulnerability arises because `Rack::QueryParser` iterates over each `\u0026`-separated key-value pair and adds it to a Hash without enforcing an upper bound on the total number of parameters. This allows an attacker to send a single request containing hundreds of thousands (or more) of parameters, which consumes excessive memory and CPU during parsing. An attacker can trigger denial of service by sending specifically crafted HTTP requests, which can cause memory exhaustion or pin CPU resources, stalling or crashing the Rack server. This results in full service disruption until the affected worker is restarted. Versions 2.2.14, 3.0.16, and 3.1.14 fix the issue. Some other mitigations are available. One may use middleware to enforce a maximum query string size or parameter count, or employ a reverse proxy (such as Nginx) to limit request sizes and reject oversized query strings or bodies. Limiting request body sizes and query string lengths at the web server or CDN level is an effective mitigation.","ecosystems":["Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::highavailability","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::resilientstorage","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.2::highavailability","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.2::resilientstorage","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::highavailability","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::resilientstorage","Red Hat:satellite:6.16::el8","Red Hat:satellite:6.16::el9","Red Hat:satellite:6.17::el9","Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8","Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el9","Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9","Rocky Linux:9","RubyGems","openSUSE:Tumbleweed"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"none_known"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Unbounded-Parameter DoS in Rack::QueryParser","id":"CVE-2025-46727","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","product":null,"products":[],"type":"denial_of_service","year":"2025"},"n_packages":32,"n_references":4,"next":{"headline":"cpp-httplib has Unbounded Memory Allocation in Chunked/No-Length Requests","id":"CVE-2025-46728"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["2.2.14"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["2.2.14"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","source":"GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["3.0.16"],"introduced":["3.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["3.0.16"],"introduced":["3.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","source":"GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["3.1.14"],"introduced":["3.1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["3.1.14"],"introduced":["3.1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","source":"GHSA-gjh7-p2fx-99vx"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0","fixed":["0:0.12.0-3.el10_0.2"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"cockpit-ha-cluster","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/cockpit-ha-cluster","source":"RHSA-2025:8319"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0","fixed":["0:0.12.0-3.el10_0.2"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs","source":"RHSA-2025:8319"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0","fixed":["0:0.12.0-3.el10_0.2"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-snmp","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-snmp","source":"RHSA-2025:8319"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server","fixed":["0:0.9.169-3.el7_9.4"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs","source":"RHSA-2025:8322"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server","fixed":["0:0.9.169-3.el7_9.4"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2025:8322"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server","fixed":["0:0.9.169-3.el7_9.4"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-snmp","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-snmp","source":"RHSA-2025:8322"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::highavailability","fixed":["0:0.11.9-2.el9_6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs","source":"RHSA-2025:8256"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::highavailability","fixed":["0:0.11.9-2.el9_6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-snmp","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-snmp","source":"RHSA-2025:8256"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::resilientstorage","fixed":["0:0.11.9-2.el9_6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs","source":"RHSA-2025:8256"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::resilientstorage","fixed":["0:0.11.9-2.el9_6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-snmp","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-snmp","source":"RHSA-2025:8256"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.2::highavailability","fixed":["0:0.11.4-7.el9_2.5"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs","source":"RHSA-2025:8289"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.2::highavailability","fixed":["0:0.11.4-7.el9_2.5"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-snmp","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-snmp","source":"RHSA-2025:8289"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.2::resilientstorage","fixed":["0:0.11.4-7.el9_2.5"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs","source":"RHSA-2025:8289"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.2::resilientstorage","fixed":["0:0.11.4-7.el9_2.5"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-snmp","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-snmp","source":"RHSA-2025:8289"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::highavailability","fixed":["0:0.11.7-2.el9_4.4"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs","source":"RHSA-2025:8288"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::highavailability","fixed":["0:0.11.7-2.el9_4.4"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-snmp","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-snmp","source":"RHSA-2025:8288"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::resilientstorage","fixed":["0:0.11.7-2.el9_4.4"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs","source":"RHSA-2025:8288"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::resilientstorage","fixed":["0:0.11.7-2.el9_4.4"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs-snmp","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/pcs-snmp","source":"RHSA-2025:8288"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:satellite:6.16::el8","fixed":["0:2.2.14-1.el8sat"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/rubygem-rack","source":"RHSA-2025:7605"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:satellite:6.16::el9","fixed":["0:2.2.14-1.el9sat"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/rubygem-rack","source":"RHSA-2025:7605"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:satellite:6.17::el9","fixed":["0:2.2.14-1.el9sat"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/rubygem-rack","source":"RHSA-2025:7604"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el8","fixed":["0:2.2.14-1.el8sat"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/rubygem-rack","source":"RHSA-2025:7605"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.16::el9","fixed":["0:2.2.14-1.el9sat"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/rubygem-rack","source":"RHSA-2025:7605"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:satellite_capsule:6.17::el9","fixed":["0:2.2.14-1.el9sat"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/rubygem-rack","source":"RHSA-2025:7604"},{"ecosystem":"Rocky Linux:9","fixed":["0:0.11.9-2.el9_6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"pcs","purl":"pkg:rpm/rocky-linux/pcs?distro=rocky-linux-9-6-aarch64\u0026epoch=0","source":"RLSA-2025:8256"},{"ecosystem":"openSUSE:Tumbleweed","fixed":["2.2.14-1.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack-2.2","purl":"pkg:rpm/opensuse/rubygem-rack-2.2\u0026distro=openSUSE%20Tumbleweed","source":"openSUSE-SU-2025:15067-1"}],"prev":{"headline":"Langroid Vulnerable to XXE Injection via XMLToolMessage","id":"CVE-2025-46726"},"products":["rack"],"published":"2025-05-07","related":[{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Rack: Local file inclusion in `Rack::Static` via URL Prefix Matching","id":"CVE-2026-34785","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-04-02"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Rack: Algorithmic-Complexity DoS in Rack::Multipart::Parser","id":"CVE-2026-34827","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-04-02"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Rack: Denial of Service via Unbounded Multipart File Upload Without Content-Length","id":"CVE-2026-34829","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-04-02"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Rack has a Directory Traversal via Rack:Directory","id":"CVE-2026-22860","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-02-18"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Rack is vulnerable to a memory-exhaustion DoS through unbounded URL-encoded body parsing","id":"CVE-2025-61919","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2025-10-10"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Rack's unbounded multipart preamble buffering enables DoS (memory exhaustion)","id":"CVE-2025-61770","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2025-10-07"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Rack's multipart parser buffers large non‑file fields entirely in memory, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)","id":"CVE-2025-61771","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2025-10-07"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"Red Hat","prefix":"RHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"BSD","name":"Rocky Linux","prefix":"RLSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"SUSE","prefix":"openSUSE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-05-08","vendors":["rack"]},"summary":"Attackers can cause denial of service by sending requests with excessive parameters, exhausting memory and CPU in Rack::QueryParser.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-46727/"}