# CVE-2025-47912: Insufficient validation of bracketed IPv6 hostnames in net/url

> The Go net/url parser fails to reject non-IPv6 addresses in brackets, potentially allowing security bypasses in applications relying on strict URL validation.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.3 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 29 Oct 2025
- **Updated:** 4 Nov 2025
- **Also known as:** AZL-78905, AZL-98817, BELL-CVE-2025-47912, BIT-golang-2025-47912, CLEANSTART-2026-AI29486, CLEANSTART-2026-AW80260, CLEANSTART-2026-MW22726, CLEANSTART-2026-WM37561, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-47912, ECHO-efa8-0654-2e47, GHSA-447v-2qg4-h8hc, GO-2025-4010, MINI-2278-pfj7-c7m3, MINI-227w-fcg3-5gv8, MINI-237r-vx72-6786, MINI-27gf-9qcr-8w8q, MINI-28mj-mcf8-6vmj, MINI-294j-29hv-pg5h, MINI-2mhg-x9vc-6q74, MINI-2rrc-3p56-q62m, MINI-358m-76v6-5h8r, MINI-37q7-2ppf-5rhp, MINI-399f-7rjp-fxx9, MINI-3c64-rwq7-9gh3, MINI-3c6j-jfhp-phf5, MINI-3cqc-v6wp-hc4j, MINI-3cqf-22v9-cf6f, MINI-3g72-gpqx-95w2, MINI-3j84-8xhx-vrv8, MINI-3m4x-j2p8-cr9j, MINI-3vv5-fw9h-w59j, MINI-3w37-gfq7-fpv3, MINI-3wmq-72v5-g3p8, MINI-42rm-c44w-jqfr, MINI-42ww-74ch-8q6h, MINI-43cp-g95f-x56g, MINI-4473-p46x-m2r3, MINI-4629-33x8-rhqc, MINI-46m6-5mhq-5rfg, MINI-4774-g4mr-p4wh, MINI-48fr-vx9p-6xq2, MINI-48xf-g7fx-4vv6, MINI-49fg-6rr8-q48w, MINI-49m6-c8wg-4c5h, MINI-4cp6-ccrc-gjhx, MINI-4g24-8633-fj92, MINI-4mpv-4x9m-45r6, MINI-4pfg-4mrc-vccm, MINI-4q4x-pqpv-48fq, MINI-4x6x-j99v-j8vq, MINI-4xfx-gppx-9f73, MINI-53vg-vx8f-jg62, MINI-5486-xxj9-v2qc, MINI-548v-j4hx-fmgv, MINI-552c-55c6-cx8m, MINI-56qp-3gcm-r93h, MINI-573c-mh9r-3gfq, MINI-583c-f4v2-x2rw, MINI-584g-4f2m-5ch7, MINI-5c5w-jq94-j93c, MINI-5f83-3mc7-hffj, MINI-5hg3-pc26-f464, MINI-5hj2-63fj-j4qm, MINI-5jmg-mpcx-8prr, MINI-5qvm-hm47-2m8c, MINI-5r7p-57q2-79xg, MINI-5w2f-vc4g-f6fp, MINI-5w7r-75qh-m2pp, MINI-5x77-7f29-fv4h, MINI-659x-463x-9qv2, MINI-668x-2m29-q94p, MINI-66wg-8ff8-hpgg, MINI-68qh-8wjj-v83m, MINI-6cp7-crjv-g3p7, MINI-6fgc-88ch-fc9g, MINI-6fqq-whj9-jpvq, MINI-6g2q-xwvh-79r5, MINI-6gjg-778c-wxxf, MINI-6hjh-cc4q-52qc, MINI-6hr3-h89f-2234, MINI-6jm5-4xm5-36ff, MINI-6pcc-qmp9-rjhh, MINI-6r6r-536p-6xcj, MINI-6whh-98wj-mx75, MINI-6wm8-8pxf-p69c, MINI-6wxv-8859-wwm5, MINI-6x37-7hmx-rh44, MINI-776x-pf7x-fc2w, MINI-7f8h-vrf9-5rf6, MINI-7fqp-67p2-cq68, MINI-7frr-3mc8-hw3f, MINI-7hrg-c8gf-m64m, MINI-7m53-32jj-2qpp, MINI-7mm7-h723-x9pq, MINI-7p2g-x8vf-fg72, MINI-7p5f-hg63-wq48, MINI-7q3c-9963-ffv3, MINI-7qvr-f6xx-5725, MINI-7wh7-crp8-4gjf, MINI-84jq-36vf-f224, MINI-85vh-4cqx-cqjp, MINI-86rm-93g2-c59f, MINI-87jm-7399-5qx7, MINI-89g7-gq4g-cmjx, MINI-8gvc-3786-qv9p, MINI-8jhv-g3qw-4gvr, MINI-8prp-9q5r-m64q, MINI-92rx-4p5h-pvq4, MINI-932g-v3qm-49fc, MINI-94qq-rf5f-44jh, MINI-964w-gw75-jfmw, MINI-97m7-9pxf-2xxc, MINI-97mj-55pg-v2p6, MINI-99hg-3rx2-9qqm, MINI-9c59-7xvx-5pcx, MINI-9f69-j5gc-g377, MINI-9pcf-53f8-63qp, MINI-9qp5-849r-2qcp, MINI-9wjv-qcp7-8pm7, MINI-9xf7-p3pf-h5j9, MINI-9xmc-q9ph-p4w2, MINI-c248-6c66-6g8m, MINI-c2pm-8p28-4cgm, MINI-c4gv-gg77-89vq, MINI-c5rv-p5ww-mxf2, MINI-c694-rwh4-3xfg, MINI-c99g-5cgx-q3q8, MINI-ccjw-8rqm-529g, MINI-cfh6-m89p-9329, MINI-cfxq-5f4f-q9vr, MINI-chr3-whp8-9p6f, MINI-cj8q-qfg9-p84q, MINI-cmm2-qj6p-hv44, MINI-cq39-w844-c8qv, MINI-cv7m-v4cx-gxm9, MINI-cvf6-mmwh-wpfp, MINI-cvgv-j86v-xrr8, MINI-cxw5-cmxf-pfrv, MINI-f366-8v56-9prf, MINI-f45w-3pjg-593j, MINI-f48c-72gv-mg4m, MINI-f6rq-9g34-5459, MINI-f77h-7rc6-c5vh, MINI-f8mq-82g9-g3vw, MINI-fcf7-qjj8-9v8h, MINI-fcrm-hc4f-3cjf, MINI-ffcc-6h63-vc5q, MINI-fhf8-jrgg-gjwm, MINI-fj8m-q9x5-7hgr, MINI-fj99-p6qh-9pw8, MINI-fm82-rxfp-hw7m, MINI-fr6m-64j3-6rpj, MINI-fr8c-xgmc-fc29, MINI-fvj6-q6mq-8f8f, MINI-fvwm-hfwj-mm6q, MINI-fw62-5vmv-qvff, MINI-fwww-gf6c-cf52, MINI-g2pr-hm7m-7m7j, MINI-g2x7-v9j6-vgrq, MINI-g369-qhr7-cv62, MINI-g3xw-w26w-wgx4, MINI-g4xj-54pf-g7w8, MINI-g746-gxhj-895q, MINI-g76r-pv88-mmc6, MINI-gcw9-6496-x32g, MINI-gf59-4ccw-xmr8, MINI-gm8j-jpcp-37hq, MINI-gq3c-crj8-hq6g, MINI-gvc9-v33q-w4jm, MINI-gvvm-xfh3-p6wr, MINI-h27q-vx92-whxq, MINI-h29m-g9pg-wv4m, MINI-h6f9-pc9m-fpjx, MINI-h85r-64fg-xvhh, MINI-h8pc-2mmx-44h3, MINI-h9fp-h44c-22gv, MINI-hg68-v8fx-mh25, MINI-hj86-68rc-w4jh, MINI-hm99-mpc5-76jw, MINI-hrc9-wv84-cgx5, MINI-hv96-36gr-vc4j, MINI-j37w-qj97-j3xp, MINI-j69m-mj8g-vq4j, MINI-j6x9-3rq7-23m4, MINI-j864-574x-q3wx, MINI-j8gp-92c8-mq2p, MINI-j9mc-3hmr-42g4, MINI-jh8c-cgv3-4jj3, MINI-jj39-3mrm-qhq7, MINI-jjj8-4cgq-j34g, MINI-jmj9-8fqm-gxcv, MINI-jw6m-3qhg-4cxj, MINI-jwx8-vpgx-94h4, MINI-jxv9-84rf-wqrj, MINI-m24c-m8f5-qw5c, MINI-m2c2-j5m9-v3gm, MINI-m332-25wp-q42g, MINI-m3ch-rq8v-w794, MINI-m3j7-r3c6-6hc2, MINI-m4v5-2hwp-v695, MINI-m639-rvc3-2m9p, MINI-m6g4-4m6p-c752, MINI-m954-34x9-fv55, MINI-m9rf-mx49-wpm7, MINI-mfwp-xcf9-mjfw, MINI-mgcc-gf6j-xp7c, MINI-mgv7-xjr2-57f8, MINI-mpqr-qxmg-g84g, MINI-p572-38gp-74m5, MINI-p63r-jm66-2frq, MINI-p789-6pgh-4w5r, MINI-p793-7fxg-g4gq, MINI-pch5-2fj4-9fxx, MINI-pfph-c7f5-fj7r, MINI-pgfm-r365-fwjh, MINI-ppp7-w5wf-pq7h, MINI-ppv2-xxmx-5v3f, MINI-pqq6-5f37-qhx9, MINI-pw3x-p988-9hj4, MINI-pwcq-8498-p2p3, MINI-q2jq-x87w-4qxw, MINI-q58f-g4w6-hj4m, MINI-q7h7-xrrw-xm72, MINI-q7jc-rpp3-gq5g, MINI-q7mv-5jv9-3wmj, MINI-q824-pq36-8qcv, MINI-qc5j-4wm6-xwr5, MINI-qg3r-pmcf-jhgq, MINI-qgjx-w94p-j2fp, MINI-qq6w-2vqh-c4mv, MINI-qr2c-fqhc-m2r9, MINI-qxq4-7gqh-99xx, MINI-r4qx-m8jc-pg9r, MINI-r5fq-r7h9-4r2w, MINI-r5wh-c9jf-96rx, MINI-r6cm-9f6r-vj8v, MINI-r792-x9jc-qr4f, MINI-r7fc-j67w-j8w8, MINI-r9fq-9pr4-cqhg, MINI-rf73-39fj-xxp9, MINI-rh6j-qp5m-67rg, MINI-rjc9-5hfw-gg6f, MINI-rjh8-33m2-g592, MINI-rmgj-fh3r-49rw, MINI-rp56-rxjh-wp54, MINI-rq2h-2cwg-wqph, MINI-rq2w-hprq-w9jq, MINI-rw87-mg94-299j, MINI-rwmj-mpfh-4fhc, MINI-v24m-hf4f-chp6, MINI-v6mw-6rrr-6fhh, MINI-v8gr-jwhc-8c52, MINI-v966-qqm3-9jqg, MINI-v97w-gxpg-v46q, MINI-v9pv-cw6w-p9wm, MINI-vc4h-qq8q-vjwv, MINI-vfv7-g45x-p9m6, MINI-vfvv-7vvv-qfhv, MINI-vgf8-5xfh-28v3, MINI-vm8w-qwf3-8pv8, MINI-vqr5-w88g-5jmv, MINI-vw2p-fhjh-wwhp, MINI-w42p-7943-q5p8, MINI-w462-3w5p-fr34, MINI-w48r-cpqw-9rp3, MINI-w5vf-9cpw-vx9f, MINI-w655-8qr7-pg5m, MINI-w8xr-r626-hxjp, MINI-w9mr-hvcq-8rj9, MINI-w9vv-v4f8-4vqj, MINI-wf6g-6g8j-64x4, MINI-ww37-5rhr-5xqx, MINI-wxq8-v8x9-c9fq, MINI-x2gv-7g7p-29fh, MINI-x4q7-433x-ww66, MINI-x8fv-x479-gvg7, MINI-x99x-vcj6-45qp, MINI-xcvx-xg4c-45jp, MINI-xg4g-77m6-7453, MINI-xgx7-9x7j-5rrw, MINI-xhv2-x76j-8424, MINI-xjmc-2pwv-cw5h, MINI-xqc4-gf35-vhxc, MINI-xr8v-h95r-xm8j, MINI-xw2j-995q-8mmj, MINI-xwjm-4xrj-w9v8, MINI-xxp7-f69h-v9gv, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-13-CVE-2025-47912, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-47912

## What is CVE-2025-47912?

CVE-2025-47912 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Golang Go, published on 29 Oct 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

The Parse function permits values other than IPv6 addresses to be included in square brackets within the host component of a URL. RFC 3986 permits IPv6 addresses to be included within the host component, enclosed within square brackets. For example: "http://[::1]/". IPv4 addresses and hostnames must not appear within square brackets. Parse did not enforce this requirement.

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-47912?

2 open source packages ship an affected version, including golang and stdlib. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `golang` | Bitnami | All versions | 1.24.8, 1.25.2 |
| `stdlib` | Go | All versions | 1.24.8, 1.25.2 |

Products: Golang Go.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-47912?

Upgrade golang to a fixed version for your release line: 1.24.8 or 1.25.2.

## Is CVE-2025-47912 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-47912 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Golang Go

- [CVE-2020-0601](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2020-0601/): Microsoft Windows CryptoAPI Spoofing (high 8.1, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2026-27143](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-27143/): Missing bound checks can lead to memory corruption in safe Go in cmd/compile (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2024-24790](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-24790/): Unexpected behavior from Is methods for IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses in net/netip (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-39320](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-39320/): Arbitrary code execution via go.mod toolchain directive in cmd/go (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-24540](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-24540/): Improper handling of JavaScript whitespace in html/template (critical 9.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-47912 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-47912 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Golang Go, published on 29 Oct 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-47912 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- golang (Bitnami): affected all versions; fixed in 1.24.8, 1.25.2
- stdlib (Go): affected all versions; fixed in 1.24.8, 1.25.2

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-47912/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-47912/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47912
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47912
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47912

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-47912/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.