# CVE-2025-48187: Auth bypass in RAGFlow

> Attackers can take over accounts by brute-forcing six-digit email verification codes due to missing rate limiting in RAGFlow.

- **Severity:** Critical 9.1 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 17 May 2025
- **Updated:** 19 May 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-f87m-rx58-p97v

## What is CVE-2025-48187?

CVE-2025-48187 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability in infiniflow RAGFlow, published on 17 May 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

RAGFlow through 0.18.1 allows account takeover because it is possible to conduct successful brute-force attacks against email verification codes to perform arbitrary account registration, login, and password reset. Codes are six digits and there is no rate limiting.

Weakness: CWE-307 (Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-48187?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Infiniflow Ragflow.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-48187?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-48187 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-48187 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-48187 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in infiniflow RAGFlow

- [CVE-2026-24770](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-24770/): RAGFlow Affected by Zip Slip Remote Code Execution (RCE) in MinerUParser (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2024-12433](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-12433/): Remote Code Execution in infiniflow/ragflow (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2025-69286](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-69286/): RAGFlow has Predictable Token Generation Leading to Authentication Bypass Vulnerability (high 8.9)
- [CVE-2025-27135](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-27135/): RAGFlow SQL Injection vulnerability (high 8.9)
- [CVE-2024-10131](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-10131/): Remote Code Execution in infiniflow/ragflow (high 8.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-48187 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-48187 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability in infiniflow RAGFlow, published on 17 May 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-48187 exists.

Affected product: infiniflow RAGFlow. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48187/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48187/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48187
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48187
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48187

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48187/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.