# CVE-2025-48372: Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks

> Attackers can brute-force short 4-digit OTPs to bypass authentication and take over accounts in the Schule school management system.

- **Severity:** Medium 6.6 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 22 May 2025
- **Updated:** 23 May 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-6c48-67xx-vqgc

## What is CVE-2025-48372?

CVE-2025-48372 is a medium-severity vulnerability in schule111 Schule, published on 22 May 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.

Weakness: CWE-521 (Weak Password Requirements)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-48372?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Schule111 Schule School Management System.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-48372?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-48372 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-48372 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-48372 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in schule111 Schule

- [CVE-2025-48375](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48375/): Schule Missing Rate Limiting on OTP Email Requests – Susceptible to Abuse & DoS (medium 6.6)
- [CVE-2025-48373](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48373/): Schule Has Client-Side Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Bypass Vulnerability (medium 6.6)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-48372 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-48372 is a medium-severity vulnerability in schule111 Schule, published on 22 May 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-48372 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: schule111 Schule. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48372/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48372/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48372
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48372
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48372

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48372/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.