# CVE-2025-48375: Schule Missing Rate Limiting on OTP Email Requests – Susceptible to Abuse & DoS

> Attackers can flood OTP emails due to missing rate limiting, causing denial of service or harassment in the Schule school management system.

- **Severity:** Medium 6.6 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 23 May 2025
- **Updated:** 23 May 2025

## What is CVE-2025-48375?

CVE-2025-48375 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in schule111 Schule, published on 23 May 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

Schule is open-source school management system software. Prior to version 1.0.1, the file forgot_password.php (or equivalent endpoint responsible for email-based OTP generation) lacks proper rate limiting controls, allowing attackers to abuse the OTP request functionality. This vulnerability can be exploited to send an excessive number of OTP emails, leading to potential denial-of-service (DoS) conditions or facilitating user harassment through email flooding. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.

Weakness: CWE-770 (Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-48375?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Schule111 Schule School Management System.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-48375?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-48375 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-48375 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-48375 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in schule111 Schule

- [CVE-2025-48372](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48372/): Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks (medium 6.6)
- [CVE-2025-48373](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48373/): Schule Has Client-Side Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Bypass Vulnerability (medium 6.6)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-48375 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-48375 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in schule111 Schule, published on 23 May 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-48375 exists.

Affected product: schule111 Schule. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48375/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48375/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48375
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48375
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48375

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-48375/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.