# CVE-2025-49591: CryptPad 2FA Bypass Vulnerability

> Attackers can bypass Two-Factor Authentication in CryptPad by manipulating URL path length, allowing account takeover if credentials are compromised.

- **Severity:** High 7.4 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 18 Jun 2025
- **Updated:** 23 Jun 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-xq5x-wgcm-3p33

## What is CVE-2025-49591?

CVE-2025-49591 is a high-severity authentication bypass vulnerability in cryptpad, published on 18 Jun 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

CryptPad is a collaboration suite. Prior to version 2025.3.0, enforcement of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) in CryptPad can be trivially bypassed, due to weak implementation of access controls. An attacker that compromises a user's credentials can gain access to the victim's account, even if the victim has 2FA set up. This is due to 2FA not being enforced if the path parameter is not 44 characters long, which can be bypassed by simply URL encoding a single character in the path. This issue has been patched in version 2025.3.0.

Weakness: CWE-287 (Improper Authentication), CWE-284 (Improper Access Control)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-49591?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Xwiki Cryptpad.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-49591?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-49591 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-49591 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-49591 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in cryptpad

- [CVE-2025-51846](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-51846/): CryptPad unbounded WebSocket frame flood (high 8.7)
- [CVE-2019-15302](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-15302/): Denial of service in n/a (medium 6.5)
- [CVE-2017-1000051](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-1000051/): Cross-site scripting in n/a (medium 6.1)
- [CVE-2025-49590](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-49590/): CryptPad Dom-Based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability (low 2.9)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-49591 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-49591 is a high-severity authentication bypass vulnerability in cryptpad, published on 18 Jun 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-49591 exists.

Affected product: cryptpad. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-49591/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-49591/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49591
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49591
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49591

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-49591/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.