{"answers":{"affected":"3 open source packages ship an affected version, including github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-54123 exists.","fix":"Upgrade to a fixed version.","what":"CVE-2025-54123 is a critical command injection vulnerability in SpectoLabs hoverfly, published on 10 Sep 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2025-54123 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2025-54123 is a critical command injection vulnerability in SpectoLabs hoverfly, published on 10 Sep 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-54123 exists.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly (Go): affected all versions; no fix listed\n- github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly (Go): affected all versions up to 1.11.3; no fix listed\n- github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly (Go): affected all versions up to 1.11.3; no fix listed\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-54123/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-54123/index.md)","id":"CVE-2025-54123","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-54123/index.md","name":"CVE-2025-54123","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf","GO-2025-3944"],"analysis":{"component_type":"developer_tool","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["code_execution"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"API simulation tool","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can execute arbitrary commands on the host via the middleware API endpoint, leading to remote code execution.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"command_injection"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"GitHub_M","cpe":[{"product":"hoverfly","vendor":"hoverfly"}],"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"critical","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-78","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command"},{"id":"CWE-20","name":"Improper Input Validation"}],"description":"Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization in user input. The vulnerability exists in the middleware management API endpoint `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`. This issue is born due to combination of three code level flaws: Insufficient Input Validation in middleware.go line 94-96; Unsafe Command Execution in local_middleware.go line 14-19; and Immediate Execution During Testing in hoverfly_service.go line 173. This allows an attacker to gain remote code execution (RCE) on any system running the vulnerable Hoverfly service. Since the input is directly passed to system commands without proper checks, an attacker can upload a malicious payload or directly execute arbitrary commands (including reverse shells) on the host server with the privileges of the Hoverfly process. Commit 17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40 in version 1.12.0 disables the set middleware API by default, and subsequent changes to documentation make users aware of the security changes of exposing the set middleware API.","ecosystems":["Go"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":"2026-03-28","github_poc":6,"max_poc_stars":7,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":1,"refs":[{"date":"2026-03-28T21:49:30Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/kasem545/CVE-2025-54123-Poc","stars":7,"title":"CVE-2025-54123  Hoverfly Authenticated Middleware Command Injection RCE"},{"date":"2026-06-18T02:40:40Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/0xk4rth1/CVE-2025-54123","stars":2,"title":"CVE-2025-54123 Hoverfly Command Injection to RCE PoC"},{"date":"2026-05-27T22:54:26Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/0x00phantom-hat/Hoverfly-1.11.3-RCE-CVE-2025-54123-Exploit","stars":1,"title":null},{"date":"2026-03-29T12:37:25Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/tristanqtn/CVE-2025-54123","stars":0,"title":"CVE-2025-54123 exploit and documentation"},{"date":"2026-03-30T22:58:43Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/f4dee-backup/CVE-2025-54123","stars":0,"title":"PoC CVE-2025-54123 - Hoverfly \u003c= 1.11.3 - Authenticated Middleware Command Injection"},{"date":"2026-03-31T07:35:56Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/davidzzo23/CVE-2025-54123","stars":0,"title":"Hoverfly CVE RCE"},{"date":null,"kind":"nuclei","ref":"http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-54123.yaml","stars":null,"title":"Hoverfly \u003c= 1.11.3 - Remote Code Execution"}],"tier":"weaponised"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Hoverfly is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution through an insecure middleware implementation","id":"CVE-2025-54123","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"Go","product":null,"products":[],"type":"command_injection","year":"2025"},"n_packages":3,"n_references":6,"next":{"headline":"XWiki Platform: Any user with editing rights can access password properties through Database List Properties","id":"CVE-2025-54124"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","fixed":[],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly","source":"GO-2025-3944"},{"ecosystem":"Go","fixed":[],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":["1.11.3"],"package":"github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf"},{"ecosystem":"Go","fixed":[],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":["1.11.3"],"package":"github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly","purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly","source":"GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf"}],"prev":{"headline":"Manager-io/Manager allows unauthenticated full read server-side request forgery in \"proxy\" endpoint","id":"CVE-2025-54122"},"products":["hoverfly"],"published":"2025-09-10","related":[{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Hoverfly's WebSocket endpoint `/api/v2/ws/logs` reachable without authentication even when --auth is enabled.","id":"CVE-2025-54376","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2025-09-10"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Arbitrary file read in the `/api/v2/simulation` endpoint in hoverfly (`GHSL-2023-274`)","id":"CVE-2024-45388","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2024-09-02"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"Go Vulnerability Database","prefix":"GO"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"MIT","name":"Nuclei templates"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0","name":"PoC-in-GitHub"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"poc","technical_impact":"total"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-09-10","vendors":["SpectoLabs"]},"summary":"Attackers can execute arbitrary commands on the host via the middleware API endpoint, leading to remote code execution.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-54123/"}