CVE-2025-57801 gnark is vulnerable to signature malleability in EdDSA and ECDSA due to missing scalar checks

What is CVE-2025-57801?

CVE-2025-57801 is a high-severity vulnerability in Consensys gnark, published on 22 Aug 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

Official description

gnark is a zero-knowledge proof system framework. In versions prior to 0.14.0, the Verify function in eddsa.go and ecdsa.go used the S value from a signature without asserting that 0 ≤ S < order, leading to a signature malleability vulnerability. Because gnark’s native EdDSA and ECDSA circuits lack essential constraints, multiple distinct witnesses can satisfy the same public inputs. In protocols where nullifiers or anti-replay checks are derived from R and S, this enables signature malleability and may allow double spending. This issue has been addressed in version 0.14.0.

Weakness: CWE-347

Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-57801?

3 open source packages ship an affected version, including github.com/consensys/gnark. It affects 1 product.

Products include Consensys Gnark.

How do I fix CVE-2025-57801?

Upgrade github.com/consensys/gnark to 0.14.0 or later.

Is CVE-2025-57801 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-57801 exists.

Other vulnerabilities in Consensys gnark

• CVE-2025-58157 gnark affected by denial of service when computing scalar multiplication using fake-GLV algorithm High 7.5
• CVE-2023-44378 gnark vulnerable to unsoundness in variable comparison/non-unique binary decomposition High 7.1
• CVE-2024-50354 Out-of-memory during deserialization with crafted inputs Medium 5.5

Sources

• CVE record
• NVD
• OSV
• GitHub advisory
• How this page is made

Also known as GHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj, GO-2025-3912.