{"answers":{"affected":"10 open source packages ship an affected version, including org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13, org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.12 and org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-59822 exists.","fix":"Upgrade org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13 to a fixed version for your release line: 0.23.31 or 1.0.0-M45.","what":"CVE-2025-59822 is a medium-severity vulnerability in http4s, published on 23 Sep 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2025-59822 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2025-59822 is a medium-severity vulnerability in http4s, published on 23 Sep 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-59822 exists.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13 (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 0.23.31\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13 (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 0.23.31\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13 (Maven): affected from 1.0.0-M1; fixed in 1.0.0-M45\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13 (Maven): affected from 1.0.0-M1; fixed in 1.0.0-M45\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.12 (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 0.23.31\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.12 (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 0.23.31\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3 (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 0.23.31\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3 (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 0.23.31\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3 (Maven): affected from 1.0.0-M1; fixed in 1.0.0-M45\n- org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3 (Maven): affected from 1.0.0-M1; fixed in 1.0.0-M45\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-59822/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-59822/index.md)","id":"CVE-2025-59822","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-59822/index.md","name":"CVE-2025-59822","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["security_bypass","data_modify"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":true,"product_category":"Scala HTTP library","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can bypass security controls and poison caches via HTTP request smuggling in Http4s when deployed behind a reverse proxy.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"other"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"GitHub_M","cpe":[{"product":"http4s","vendor":"typelevel"}],"cvss":{"score":6.3,"severity":"medium","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-444","name":"Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests"}],"description":"Http4s is a Scala interface for HTTP services. In versions from 1.0.0-M1 to before 1.0.0-M45 and before 0.23.31, http4s is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to improper handling of HTTP trailer section. This vulnerability could enable attackers to bypass front-end servers security controls, launch targeted attacks against active users, and poison web caches. A pre-requisite for exploitation involves the web application being deployed behind a reverse-proxy that forwards trailer headers. This issue has been patched in versions 1.0.0-M45 and 0.23.31.","ecosystems":["Maven"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"weaponised"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Http4s vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to improper handling of HTTP trailer section","id":"CVE-2025-59822","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"Maven","product":null,"products":[],"type":"other","year":"2025"},"n_packages":10,"n_references":2,"next":{"headline":"Gardener providers vulnerable to code injection when Terraformer is used for infrastructure provisioning","id":"CVE-2025-59823"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["0.23.31"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.12","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["0.23.31"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.12","purl":"pkg:maven/org.http4s/http4s-ember-core_2.12","source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["0.23.31"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["0.23.31"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13","purl":"pkg:maven/org.http4s/http4s-ember-core_2.13","source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["1.0.0-M45"],"introduced":["1.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["1.0.0-M45"],"introduced":["1.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13","purl":"pkg:maven/org.http4s/http4s-ember-core_2.13","source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["0.23.31"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["0.23.31"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3","purl":"pkg:maven/org.http4s/http4s-ember-core_3","source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["1.0.0-M45"],"introduced":["1.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["1.0.0-M45"],"introduced":["1.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3","purl":"pkg:maven/org.http4s/http4s-ember-core_3","source":"GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"}],"prev":{"headline":"DNN vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) using url to profile","id":"CVE-2025-59821"},"products":["http4s"],"published":"2025-09-23","related":[{"cvss_score":9.1,"headline":"Default CORS config allows any origin with credentials","id":"CVE-2021-39185","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2021-09-01"},{"cvss_score":8.7,"headline":"Response Splitting from unsanitized headers in http4s","id":"CVE-2021-41084","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2021-09-21"},{"cvss_score":7.6,"headline":"Local file inclusion vulnerability in http4s","id":"CVE-2020-5280","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2020-03-25"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Http4s has fatal error parsing User-Agent and Server headers","id":"CVE-2023-22465","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2023-01-04"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Unbounded connection acceptance in http4s-blaze-server","id":"CVE-2021-21294","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2021-02-02"},{"cvss_score":5.8,"headline":"StaticFile.fromUrl can leak presence of a directory","id":"CVE-2021-32643","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2021-05-27"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"no","exploitation":"poc","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-09-23","vendors":["http4s"]},"summary":"Attackers can bypass security controls and poison caches via HTTP request smuggling in Http4s when deployed behind a reverse proxy.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-59822/"}