# CVE-2025-60021: Apache bRPC: Remote command injection vulnerability in heap builtin service


- **Severity:** Critical 9.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 16 Jan 2026
- **Updated:** 26 Feb 2026
- **Also known as:** GHSA-v93j-9rf6-jx2r

## What is CVE-2025-60021?

CVE-2025-60021 is a critical vulnerability in Apache bRPC, published on 16 Jan 2026. 

### Official description

Remote command injection vulnerability in heap profiler builtin service in Apache bRPC ((all versions < 1.15.0)) on all platforms allows attacker to inject remote command.

Root Cause: The bRPC heap profiler built-in service (/pprof/heap) does not validate the user-provided extra_options parameter and executes it as a command-line argument. Attackers can execute remote commands using the extra_options parameter..

Affected scenarios: Use the built-in bRPC heap profiler service to perform jemalloc memory profiling.

How to Fix: we provide two methods, you can choose one of them:

1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.15.0.
2. Apply this patch ( https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3101 ) manually.

Weakness: CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-60021?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Apache Brpc.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-60021?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-60021 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-60021 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-60021 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Public exploit code:

- CVE-2025-60021 (github_poc): https://github.com/Mefhika120/Ashwesker-CVE-2025-60021

## Other vulnerabilities in Apache bRPC

- [CVE-2023-31039](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-31039/): Apache bRPC: ServerOptions.pid_file may cause arbitrary code execution (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2025-59789](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-59789/): Apache bRPC: Stack Exhaustion via Unbounded Recursion in JSON Parser (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2025-54472](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-54472/): Apache bRPC: Redis Parser Remote Denial of Service (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2024-23452](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-23452/): Apache bRPC: HTTP request smuggling vulnerability (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2023-45757](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-45757/): Apache bRPC: The builtin service rpcz page has an XSS attack vulnerability (medium 6.1)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-60021 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-60021 is a critical vulnerability in Apache bRPC, published on 16 Jan 2026. 
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-60021 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Apache bRPC. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-60021/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-60021/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-60021
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60021
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-60021

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-60021/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.