{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 1 product.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-61662 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"Apply the vendor's patch.","what":"CVE-2025-61662 is a high-severity use after free vulnerability in GNU Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, published on 18 Nov 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2025-61662 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2025-61662 is a high-severity use after free vulnerability in GNU Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, published on 18 Nov 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-61662 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected product: GNU Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-61662/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-61662/index.md)","id":"CVE-2025-61662","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-61662/index.md","name":"CVE-2025-61662","record":{"aliases":["ALSA-2026:4648","ALSA-2026:4649","ALSA-2026:4760","AZL-70520","AZL-70565","CLSA-2026-1771331675","CLSA-2026-1771409383","CLSA-2026-1771417949","CLSA-2026-1771504803","CLSA-2026-1771954436","CLSA-2026-1771955086","CLSA-2026-1772112789","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-61662","GHSA-g7mr-vm94-3rv7","RHSA-2026:4648","RHSA-2026:4649","RHSA-2026:4652","RHSA-2026:4653","RHSA-2026:4654","RHSA-2026:4760","RHSA-2026:4822","RHSA-2026:4823","RHSA-2026:4830","RHSA-2026:4900","RHSA-2026:4998","RHSA-2026:5074","RHSA-2026:5233","RLSA-2026:4648","RLSA-2026:4649","RLSA-2026:4760","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-61662"],"analysis":{"component_type":"operating_system","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["denial_of_service","data_read"],"network_reachable":"adjacent_or_local","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"GRUB bootloader","requires_auth":"low_privilege","summary":"An attacker can trigger a use-after-free in GRUB's gettext module, causing a denial of service and potentially compromising data integrity or confidentiality.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"use_after_free"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"redhat","cpe":[{"product":"grub2","vendor":"gnu"}],"cvss":{"score":7.8,"severity":"high","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-416","name":"Use After Free"}],"description":"A Use-After-Free vulnerability has been discovered in GRUB's gettext module. This flaw stems from a programming error where the gettext command remains registered in memory after its module is unloaded. An attacker can exploit this condition by invoking the orphaned command, causing the application to access a memory location that is no longer valid. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause grub to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Possible data integrity or confidentiality compromise is not discarded.","ecosystems":["AlmaLinux:10","AlmaLinux:8","AlmaLinux:9","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos","Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0","Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_e4s:8.6::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.2::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_els:7","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_tus:8.6::baseos","Red Hat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos","Rocky Linux:10","Rocky Linux:8","Rocky Linux:9"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"none_known"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Grub2: missing unregister call for gettext command may lead to use-after-free","id":"CVE-2025-61662","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":null,"products":[],"type":"use_after_free","year":"2025"},"n_packages":399,"n_references":24,"next":{"headline":"Grub2: missing unregister call for normal commands may lead to use-after-free","id":"CVE-2025-61663"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:10","fixed":["1:2.12-29.el10_1.2.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-common","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-common","source":"ALSA-2026:4649"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:10","fixed":["1:2.12-29.el10_1.2.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-aa64-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-aa64-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4649"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:10","fixed":["1:2.12-29.el10_1.2.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-x64-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-x64-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4649"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:10","fixed":["1:2.12-29.el10_1.2.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-pc-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-pc-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4649"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:10","fixed":["1:2.12-29.el10_1.2.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-ppc64le-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-ppc64le-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4649"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-common","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-common","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-aa64","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-aa64","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-aa64-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-aa64-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-ia32","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-ia32","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-ia32-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-ia32-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-x64","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-x64","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-x64-cdboot","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-x64-cdboot","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-x64-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-x64-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-pc","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-pc","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-pc-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-pc-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-ppc64le","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-ppc64le","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-ppc64le-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-ppc64le-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-tools","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-tools","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-tools-efi","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-tools-efi","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-tools-extra","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-tools-extra","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-tools-minimal","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-tools-minimal","source":"ALSA-2026:4648"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-common","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-common","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-aa64","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-aa64","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-aa64-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-aa64-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-x64","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-x64","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-x64-cdboot","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-x64-cdboot","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-efi-x64-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-efi-x64-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-pc","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-pc","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-pc-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-pc-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-ppc64le","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-ppc64le","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-ppc64le-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-ppc64le-modules","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-tools","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-tools","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-tools-efi","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-tools-efi","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-tools-extra","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-tools-extra","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","fixed":["1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-tools-minimal","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/grub2-tools-minimal","source":"ALSA-2026:4760"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1","fixed":["1:2.12-29.el10_1.2"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/grub2","source":"RHSA-2026:4649"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1","fixed":["1:2.12-29.el10_1.2"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"grub2-common","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/grub2-common","source":"RHSA-2026:4649"}],"prev":{"headline":"Grub2: grub2: out-of-bounds write via malicious usb device","id":"CVE-2025-61661"},"products":["Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support","Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support","Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12","Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13","Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14","Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15","Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16","Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17","Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18","Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19","grub2"],"published":"2025-11-18","related":[{"cvss_score":8.8,"headline":"Memory corruption in GRUB2","id":"CVE-2024-56737","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2024-12-29"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Integer underflow in grub_net_recv_ip4_packets","id":"CVE-2022-28733","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2023-07-20"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Out-of-bounds write when handling split HTTP headers","id":"CVE-2022-28734","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2023-07-20"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Grub2: fs/hfs: strcpy() using the volume name (fs/hfs.c:382)","id":"CVE-2024-45782","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2025-03-03"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Grub2: squash4: integer overflow may lead to heap based out-of-bounds write when reading data","id":"CVE-2025-0678","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2025-03-03"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Grub2: udf: heap based buffer overflow in grub_udf_read_block() may lead to arbitrary code execution","id":"CVE-2025-0689","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2025-03-03"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"MIT","name":"AlmaLinux","prefix":"ALSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"Red Hat","prefix":"RHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"no","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-10-16","vendors":["GNU","Red Hat"]},"summary":"An attacker can trigger a use-after-free in GRUB's gettext module, causing a denial of service and potentially compromising data integrity or confidentiality.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-61662/"}