CVE-2025-61663 Grub2: missing unregister call for normal commands may lead to use-after-free
An attacker can trigger a use-after-free in GRUB2's normal command, causing system crashes or potential code execution.
- Exploited in the wild
- Not known
- Login needed
- Not needed
- Attackable
- Local or same network only
- Victim action needed
- Not needed
- Fix
- Available
What is CVE-2025-61663?
CVE-2025-61663 is a medium-severity use after free vulnerability in GNU Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, published on 18 Nov 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Official description
A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB2 bootloader's normal command that poses an immediate Denial of Service (DoS) risk. This flaw is a Use-after-Free issue, caused because the normal command is not properly unregistered when the module is unloaded. An attacker who can execute this command can force the system to access memory locations that are no longer valid. Successful exploitation leads directly to system instability, which can result in a complete crash and halt system availability. Impact on the data integrity and confidentiality is also not discarded.
Weakness: CWE-825
Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-61663?
How do I fix CVE-2025-61663?
Apply the vendor's patch.
Upgrade to the fixed version. These bugs are found with fuzzing and sanitisers and avoided by memory-safe languages. More about Use after free.
Is CVE-2025-61663 being exploited?
There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-61663 in the wild and no public exploit code.
Sources
Also known as AZL-70523, AZL-70577, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-61663, GHSA-jf88-7285-jch4, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-61663.