CVE-2025-61664 Grub2: missing unregister call for normal_exit command may lead to use-after-free
An attacker can trigger a use-after-free in GRUB2 by invoking a command after module unload, causing system crashes or compromising data integrity.
- Exploited in the wild
- Not known
- Login needed
- Not needed
- Attackable
- Local or same network only
- Victim action needed
- Not needed
- Fix
- Available
What is CVE-2025-61664?
CVE-2025-61664 is a medium-severity use after free vulnerability in GNU Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, published on 18 Nov 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Official description
A vulnerability in the GRUB2 bootloader has been identified in the normal module. This flaw, a memory Use After Free issue, occurs because the normal_exit command is not properly unregistered when its related module is unloaded. An attacker can exploit this condition by invoking the command after the module has been removed, causing the system to improperly access a previously freed memory location. This leads to a system crash or possible impacts in data confidentiality and integrity.
Weakness: CWE-825
Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-61664?
How do I fix CVE-2025-61664?
Apply the vendor's patch.
Upgrade to the fixed version. These bugs are found with fuzzing and sanitisers and avoided by memory-safe languages. More about Use after free.
Is CVE-2025-61664 being exploited?
There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-61664 in the wild and no public exploit code.
Sources
Also known as AZL-70529, AZL-70571, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-61664, GHSA-7w9h-j8xp-j97v, OESA-2025-2795, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-61664.