# CVE-2025-65855: Hardcoded credentials in n/a

> Attackers with physical access can exploit hard-coded WiFi credentials and lack of firmware validation to execute arbitrary code on HelpFlash IoT devices.

- **Severity:** Medium 6.6 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** A user has to click or open something
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 17 Dec 2025
- **Updated:** 17 Dec 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-2g9h-hx22-r5p2

## What is CVE-2025-65855?

CVE-2025-65855 is a medium-severity vulnerability in n/a, published on 17 Dec 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.

### Official description

The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.

Weakness: CWE-798 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials), CWE-494 (Download of Code Without Integrity Check), CWE-319 (Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-65855?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Netun Helpflash Iot Firmware.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-65855?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-65855 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-65855 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-65855 exists.

Public exploit code:

- Security advisory for CVE-2025-65855 - Multiple vulnerabilities  in HelpFlash IoT OTA update mechanism (github_poc): https://github.com/LuisMirandaAcebedo/CVE-2025-65855

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-65855 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-65855 is a medium-severity vulnerability in n/a, published on 17 Dec 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-65855 exists.

Affected product: n/a. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-65855/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-65855/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-65855
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65855
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-65855

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-65855/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.