# CVE-2025-66409: ESF-IDF has an Out-of-Bounds Read in ESP32 Bluetooth AVRCP Command Handling

> Attackers can trigger out-of-bounds reads in ESP32 Bluetooth AVRCP handling, potentially exposing memory or causing crashes.

- **Severity:** Low 2.7 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 2 Dec 2025
- **Updated:** 2 Dec 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-qhf9-vr2h-jh96

## What is CVE-2025-66409?

CVE-2025-66409 is a low-severity vulnerability in espressif esp-idf, published on 2 Dec 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In 5.5.1, 5.4.3, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, 5.1.6, and earlier, when AVRCP is enabled on ESP32, receiving a malformed VENDOR DEPENDENT command from a peer device can cause the Bluetooth stack to access memory before validating the command buffer length. This may lead to an out-of-bounds read, potentially exposing unintended memory content or causing unexpected behavior.

Weakness: CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-66409?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Espressif Esp-Idf.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-66409?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-66409 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-66409 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-66409 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in espressif esp-idf

- [CVE-2026-45328](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-45328/): ESF-IDF: Out-of-Bounds Write in ESP-TEE Secure Service Wrappers (critical 9.3)
- [CVE-2024-53406](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-53406/): Auth bypass in n/a (high 8.8)
- [CVE-2021-28139](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-28139/): Memory corruption in n/a (high 8.8)
- [CVE-2024-33453](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-33453/): Information disclosure in n/a (high 8.1)
- [CVE-2019-12587](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-12587/): Weak cryptography in n/a (high 8.1)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-66409 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-66409 is a low-severity vulnerability in espressif esp-idf, published on 2 Dec 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-66409 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: espressif esp-idf. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-66409/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-66409/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66409
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66409
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-66409

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-66409/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.