# CVE-2025-68278: tinacms vulnerable to arbitrary code execution

> Attackers controlling markdown content can execute arbitrary code via insecure gray-matter usage in Tina CMS.

- **Severity:** High 7.3 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** A user has to click or open something
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 18 Dec 2025
- **Updated:** 18 Dec 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628

## What is CVE-2025-68278?

CVE-2025-68278 is a high-severity code injection vulnerability in tinacms, published on 18 Dec 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.

### Official description

Tina is a headless content management system. In tinacms prior to version 3.1.1, tinacms uses the gray-matter package in an insecure way allowing attackers that can control the content of the processed markdown files, e.g., blog posts, to execute arbitrary code. tinacms version 3.1.1, @tinacms/cli version 2.0.4, and @tinacms/graphql version 2.0.3 contain a fix for the issue.

Weakness: CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-68278?

6 open source packages ship an affected version, including @tinacms/cli, @tinacms/graphql and tinacms. It affects 3 products.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `@tinacms/cli` | npm | All versions | 2.0.4 |
| `@tinacms/cli` | npm | All versions | 2.0.4 |
| `@tinacms/graphql` | npm | All versions | 2.0.3 |
| `@tinacms/graphql` | npm | All versions | 2.0.3 |
| `tinacms` | npm | All versions | 3.1.1 |
| `tinacms` | npm | All versions | 3.1.1 |

Products: Ssw Tinacms, Ssw Tinacms\/Cli, Ssw Tinacms\/Graphql.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-68278?

Upgrade @tinacms/cli to 2.0.4 or later.

## Is CVE-2025-68278 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-68278 exists.

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-68278 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-68278 is a high-severity code injection vulnerability in tinacms, published on 18 Dec 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-68278 exists.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- @tinacms/cli (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 2.0.4
- @tinacms/cli (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 2.0.4
- @tinacms/graphql (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 2.0.3
- @tinacms/graphql (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 2.0.3
- tinacms (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 3.1.1
- tinacms (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 3.1.1

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-68278/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-68278/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68278
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68278
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-68278

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-68278/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.