# CVE-2025-9577: TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials

> Local attackers can exploit default administrative credentials in the shadow.sample file to gain privileged access to the TOTOLINK X2000R router.

- **Severity:** Low 2.0 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 28 Aug 2025
- **Updated:** 28 Aug 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-g76c-g25x-rqgp

## What is CVE-2025-9577?

CVE-2025-9577 is a low-severity vulnerability in TOTOLINK X2000R, published on 28 Aug 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.

Weakness: CWE-1392 (Use of Default Credentials)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-9577?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Totolink X2000r Firmware.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-9577?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-9577 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-9577 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-9577 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in TOTOLINK X2000R

- [CVE-2024-22529](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-22529/): Command injection in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-51133](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-51133/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-51135](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-51135/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-51136](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-51136/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-46545](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-46545/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-9577 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-9577 is a low-severity vulnerability in TOTOLINK X2000R, published on 28 Aug 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-9577 exists.

Affected product: TOTOLINK X2000R. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-9577/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-9577/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9577
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9577
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-9577

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-9577/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.