CVE-2025-9905 Arbitary Code execution in Keras load_model()
Attackers can execute arbitrary code by loading malicious .h5 model files in Keras, bypassing safe_mode protections.
- Exploited in the wild
- Not known
- Login needed
- Any signed-in user
- Attackable
- Local or same network only
- Victim action needed
- A user has to click or open something
- Fix
- Available
What is CVE-2025-9905?
CVE-2025-9905 is a high-severity unsafe deserialization vulnerability in Keras-team Keras, published on 19 Sep 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Official description
The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True.
One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed.
This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives.
Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.
Weakness: CWE-913
Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-9905?
3 open source packages ship an affected version, including keras. It affects 1 product.
| Package | Affected | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
keras PyPI | From 3.0.0 | 3.11.3 |
keras PyPI | From 3.0.0 | 3.11.3 |
keras PyPI | From 3.0.0 | 3.11.3 |
Products include Keras Keras.
How do I fix CVE-2025-9905?
Upgrade keras to 3.11.3 or later.
Upgrade, and only deserialise data from trusted sources or with an allow-list of types. More about Unsafe deserialization.
Is CVE-2025-9905 being exploited?
There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-9905 in the wild and no public exploit code.
Other vulnerabilities in Keras-team Keras
- CVE-2024-3660 Arbitrary code injection vulnerability in Keras framework < 2.13
- CVE-2026-12481 Deserialization of Untrusted Data in keras-team/keras
- CVE-2026-1462 Safe Mode Bypass in keras-team/keras
- CVE-2025-9906 Arbitrary Code execution in Keras Safe Mode
- CVE-2025-8747 Keras safe_mode bypass allows arbitrary code execution when loading a malicious model.
Sources
Also known as AZL-67505, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-9905, GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv, PYSEC-2025-123, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-9905.