{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 1 product.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2026-16231 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"No fix has been published for CVE-2026-16231 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.","what":"CVE-2026-16231 is a high-severity cross-site scripting vulnerability in hbs, published on 25 Aug 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2026-16231 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2026-16231 is a high-severity cross-site scripting vulnerability in hbs, published on 25 Aug 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2026-16231 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected product: hbs. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-16231/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-16231/index.md)","id":"CVE-2026-16231","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-16231/index.md","name":"CVE-2026-16231","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-rg36-rxv9-2m9q"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["code_execution"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Node.js view engine","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attacker can inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript into server-rendered pages via async helper output bypassing escaping, affecting applications using hbs.","user_interaction":"required","vuln_class":"xss"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"openjs","cpe":[{"product":"hbs","vendor":"hbs_project"}],"cvss":{"score":8.1,"severity":"high","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-79","name":"Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation"}],"description":"hbs is an Express view engine that wraps Handlebars. Its registerAsyncHelper API bypasses Handlebars' automatic HTML escaping: an async helper returns an opaque placeholder during the first render pass, so the double-brace expression escapes only the placeholder, and after rendering hbs substitutes the placeholder with the raw callback return value without escaping it, across the cached, uncached, and layout render paths. An application that passes attacker-influenced data, for example user-supplied content from a database, into an async helper callback can therefore have arbitrary HTML and JavaScript injected into the server-rendered page, resulting in stored or reflected cross-site scripting. Versions 2.1.0 through 4.2.1 are affected, and the issue is fixed in 4.3.0, which HTML-escapes async helper output. Applications that intentionally emit raw HTML from an async helper can opt in explicitly with hbs.SafeString. Users should upgrade to 4.3.0.","ecosystems":[],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"none_known"},"has_fix":false,"headline":"hbs vulnerable to XSS via registerAsyncHelper output-escaping bypass","id":"CVE-2026-16231","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":null,"products":[],"type":"xss","year":"2026"},"n_packages":0,"n_references":2,"next":{"headline":"Check Point SmartConsole Improper Authentication","id":"CVE-2026-16232"},"packages":[],"prev":{"headline":"Formidable Digital Signatures \u003c= 3.0.6 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion via Signature Field","id":"CVE-2026-16230"},"products":["hbs"],"published":"2026-08-25","related":[{"cvss_score":4,"headline":"File disclosure in hbs","id":"CVE-2021-32822","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2021-08-16"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"no","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"total"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-08-25","vendors":["hbs"]},"summary":"Attacker can inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript into server-rendered pages via async helper output bypassing escaping, affecting applications using hbs.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-16231/"}