# CVE-2026-28461: OpenClaw < 2026.3.1 - Unbounded Memory Growth in Zalo Webhook via Query String Key Churn

> Unauthenticated attackers can cause denial of service in OpenClaw by sending repeated Zalo webhook requests with varying query strings to exhaust memory.

- **Severity:** High 8.7 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 19 Mar 2026
- **Updated:** 23 Jun 2026
- **Also known as:** GHSA-vfw9-h883-6h9x, MINI-q4gw-2w2g-h57p

## What is CVE-2026-28461?

CVE-2026-28461 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in Openclaw Openclaw, published on 19 Mar 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo webhook endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger in-memory key accumulation by varying query strings. Remote attackers can exploit this by sending repeated requests with different query parameters to cause memory pressure, process instability, or out-of-memory conditions that degrade service availability.

Weakness: CWE-770 (Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2026-28461?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Openclaw Openclaw.

## How do I fix CVE-2026-28461?

Upgrade to a fixed version.

## Is CVE-2026-28461 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2026-28461 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Openclaw Openclaw

- [CVE-2026-28363](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-28363/): Security feature bypass in OpenClaw (critical 9.9)
- [CVE-2026-30741](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-30741/): Code injection in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2026-33579](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-33579/): OpenClaw < 2026.3.28 - Privilege Escalation via Missing Caller Scope Validation in Device Pair Approval (critical 9.4)
- [CVE-2026-32922](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-32922/): OpenClaw < 2026.3.11 - Privilege Escalation via Unvalidated Scope in device.token.rotate (critical 9.4)
- [CVE-2026-32978](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-32978/): OpenClaw < 2026.3.11 - Approval Bypass via Unrecognized Script Runners (critical 9.4)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2026-28461 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2026-28461 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in Openclaw Openclaw, published on 19 Mar 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2026-28461 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Openclaw Openclaw. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-28461/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-28461/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28461
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28461
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-28461

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-28461/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.