{"answers":{"affected":"2 open source packages ship an affected version, including github.com/vapor/leaf-kit. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-28499 exists.","fix":"Upgrade github.com/vapor/leaf-kit to 1.14.2 or later.","what":"CVE-2026-28499 is a medium-severity cross-site scripting vulnerability in vapor leaf-kit, published on 18 Mar 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2026-28499 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2026-28499 is a medium-severity cross-site scripting vulnerability in vapor leaf-kit, published on 18 Mar 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-28499 exists.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- github.com/vapor/leaf-kit (SwiftURL): affected all versions; fixed in 1.14.2\n- github.com/vapor/leaf-kit (SwiftURL): affected all versions; fixed in 1.14.2\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-28499/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-28499/index.md)","id":"CVE-2026-28499","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-28499/index.md","name":"CVE-2026-28499","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-6jj5-j4j8-8473"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["code_execution"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Swift templating library","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can inject malicious scripts via unescaped collection values in LeafKit templates, leading to cross-site scripting attacks.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"xss"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"GitHub_M","cpe":[{"product":"leafkit","vendor":"vapor"}],"cvss":{"score":6.9,"severity":"medium","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-80","name":"Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page"},{"id":"CWE-79","name":"Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation"},{"id":"CWE-116","name":"Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output"}],"description":"LeafKit is a templating language with Swift-inspired syntax. Prior to version 1.14.2, HTML escaping doesn't work correctly when a template prints a collection (Array / Dictionary) via `#(value)`. This can result in XSS, allowing potentially untrusted input to be rendered unescaped. Version 1.14.2 fixes the issue.","ecosystems":["SwiftURL"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"weaponised"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"LeafKit's HTML escaping may be skipped for Collection values, enabling XSS","id":"CVE-2026-28499","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"SwiftURL","product":null,"products":[],"type":"xss","year":"2026"},"n_packages":2,"n_references":3,"next":{"headline":"ONNX Untrusted Model Repository Warnings Suppressed by silent=True in onnx.hub.load() — Silent Supply-Chain Attack","id":"CVE-2026-28500"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"SwiftURL","fixed":["1.14.2"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"github.com/vapor/leaf-kit","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-6jj5-j4j8-8473"},{"ecosystem":"SwiftURL","fixed":["1.14.2"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"github.com/vapor/leaf-kit","purl":"pkg:swift/github.com/vapor/leaf-kit","source":"GHSA-6jj5-j4j8-8473"}],"prev":{"headline":"Authlib: Fail-Open Cryptographic Verification in OIDC Hash Binding","id":"CVE-2026-28498"},"products":["leaf-kit"],"published":"2026-03-18","related":[{"cvss_score":7.4,"headline":"LeafKit allows XSS with untrusted user input","id":"CVE-2021-37634","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2021-08-09"},{"cvss_score":6.1,"headline":"Leaf-kit html escaping does not work on characters that are part of extended grapheme cluster","id":"CVE-2026-27120","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-02-20"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"poc","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-03-18","vendors":["vapor"]},"summary":"Attackers can inject malicious scripts via unescaped collection values in LeafKit templates, leading to cross-site scripting attacks.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-28499/"}