# CVE-2026-44005: vm2: Sandbox escape

> Attackers can escape the vm2 sandbox by mutating host prototypes, leading to arbitrary code execution on the host system.

- **Severity:** Critical 10.0 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 13 May 2026
- **Updated:** 7 Sep 2026
- **Also known as:** GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq, ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-44005

## What is CVE-2026-44005?

CVE-2026-44005 is a critical code injection vulnerability in patriksimek vm2, published on 13 May 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and otherReflectDefineProperty(), which lets attacker-controlled JavaScript running in a default VM or inherited NodeVM mutate shared host Object.prototype, Array.prototype, and Function.prototype from inside the sandbox This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.

Weakness: CWE-653 (Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization), CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code), CWE-1321 (Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2026-44005?

2 open source packages ship an affected version, including vm2. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `vm2` | npm | From 3.9.6 | 3.11.0 |
| `vm2` | npm | From 3.9.6 | 3.11.0 |

Products: Vm2 Project Vm2.

## How do I fix CVE-2026-44005?

Upgrade vm2 to 3.11.0 or later.

## Is CVE-2026-44005 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-44005 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in patriksimek vm2

- [CVE-2026-43997](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-43997/): vm2: Sandbox Escape (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2026-44006](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44006/): vm2: Sandbox Escape (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2023-29017](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-29017/): vm2 Sandbox Escape vulnerability (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2022-36067](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-36067/): vm2 vulnerable to Sandbox Escape before v3.9.11 (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2026-43999](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-43999/): vm2: NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass via `module` builtin's `Module._load` allows sandbox escape (critical 9.9)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2026-44005 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2026-44005 is a critical code injection vulnerability in patriksimek vm2, published on 13 May 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-44005 exists.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- vm2 (npm): affected from 3.9.6; fixed in 3.11.0
- vm2 (npm): affected from 3.9.6; fixed in 3.11.0

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44005/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44005/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44005
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44005
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-44005

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44005/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.