# CVE-2026-45411: vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Async Generator

> Attackers can escape the vm2 sandbox via async generator exceptions to execute arbitrary code on the host system.

- **Severity:** Critical 9.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 13 May 2026
- **Updated:** 7 Sep 2026
- **Also known as:** ECHO-272e-9f96-27f5, GHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24, MINI-mvg7-wr8x-wp6m, ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-45411

## What is CVE-2026-45411?

CVE-2026-45411 is a critical code injection vulnerability in patriksimek vm2, published on 13 May 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the runtime and passed to the yield* iterator as the next value. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.3.

Weakness: CWE-237 (Improper Handling of Structural Elements), CWE-668 (Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2026-45411?

2 open source packages ship an affected version, including vm2. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `vm2` | npm | All versions | 3.11.3 |
| `vm2` | npm | All versions | 3.11.3 |

Products: Vm2 Project Vm2.

## How do I fix CVE-2026-45411?

Upgrade vm2 to 3.11.3 or later.

## Is CVE-2026-45411 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-45411 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in patriksimek vm2

- [CVE-2026-43997](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-43997/): vm2: Sandbox Escape (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2026-44005](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44005/): vm2: Sandbox escape (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2026-44006](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44006/): vm2: Sandbox Escape (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2023-29017](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-29017/): vm2 Sandbox Escape vulnerability (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2022-36067](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-36067/): vm2 vulnerable to Sandbox Escape before v3.9.11 (critical 10.0)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2026-45411 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2026-45411 is a critical code injection vulnerability in patriksimek vm2, published on 13 May 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-45411 exists.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- vm2 (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 3.11.3
- vm2 (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 3.11.3

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-45411/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-45411/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45411
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45411
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-45411

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-45411/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.