# CVE-2026-48528: Metacat has an unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability > Unauthenticated attackers can inject SQL via the nodeId parameter to read, modify, or delete database contents in Metacat. - **Severity:** Critical 9.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`) - **Exploited in the wild:** Not known - **Login needed:** Not needed - **Attackable:** Over the internet - **Victim action needed:** Not needed - **Fix available:** No - **Published:** 14 Aug 2026 - **Updated:** 17 Aug 2026 - **Also known as:** GHSA-6g6j-wh5h-77h5 ## What is CVE-2026-48528? CVE-2026-48528 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability in NCEAS metacat, published on 14 Aug 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim. ### Official description Metacat is data repository software that helps researchers preserve, share, and discover data. Metacat versions 2.0.0 through 3.4.0 contain an unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in the `/cn/v1/object` and `/cn/v2/object` REST API endpoints due to unsanitized user input that can be passed through to the backend SQL database. The `nodeId` parameter can be modified to inject SQL commands, and the results are returned in error messages. Metacat appends the user-supplied data into the sql query without sanitization or parameterization. This allows extraction of arbitrary data from the underlying PostgresQL database, fully exposing protected information to the attacker. This is accomplished by leveraging the error reporting mechanisms in Metacat, where SQL error responses are mirrored back to the caller in the XML error message returned by Metacat. One approach, for example, is to use the PostgreSQL `CAST` function to generate an error with the results of an arbitrary subquery, which is then injected into the XML error message returned by Metacat. Attackers do not need to be authenticated to execute the attack. In addition, arbitrary SQL statements that insert, update, and delete data in the Metacat database can be executed, resulting in full compromise of all data in the database. Full proof of concept attacks have been developed and verified for these vulnerabilities. The impact of this vulnerability is critical for Metacat deployments in the DataONE network where information from the database can be exfiltrated, added, changed, or deleted. This includes management information about the data catalog, access log information about who accessed data, identifying information about individuals including their ORCID identifier and client IP address, access control information about who should be able to access and modify data, and other critical internals of the data system. This sql injection vulnerability was remediated fully in Metacat version 3.4.1. If upgrading to Metacat 3.4.1 isn't immediately possible, most deployments can mitigate the issue by disabling the `/cn` REST endpoints in the webapp deployment. This API is not needed or used by member repositories in the DataONE network, as it is only used by the DataONE Coordinating Node deployments. Consequently, this API can be disabled without reduction of functionality for most deployments. To disable the vulnerable endpoints, simply remove the servlet and servlet-mapping for the `/cn` endpoints in the servlet engine associated with the two servlets, `edu.ucsb.nceas.metacat.restservice.v1.CNRestServlet` and `edu.ucsb.nceas.metacat.restservice.v2.CNRestServlet`. For example, in Tomcat, remove the relevant `servlet-mapping` elements from the application web.xml file in Metacat. Weakness: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), CWE-287 (Improper Authentication) ## Which versions are affected by CVE-2026-48528? ## How do I fix CVE-2026-48528? No fix has been published for CVE-2026-48528 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available. ## Is CVE-2026-48528 being exploited? There is no known exploitation of CVE-2026-48528 in the wild and no public exploit code. ## Fix prompt for AI coding agents ```text Check this codebase for CVE-2026-48528 and fix it if it is affected. What it is: CVE-2026-48528 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability in NCEAS metacat, published on 14 Aug 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim. Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2026-48528 in the wild and no public exploit code. Affected product: NCEAS metacat. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page. Task: 1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies. 2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it. 3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead. 4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why. 5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing. Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-48528/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-48528/index.md) ``` ## Sources - CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-48528 - NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48528 - OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-48528 --- From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-48528/ Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.