# CVE-2026-49848: FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication `userVariables` injection in `mod_verto`

> Attackers can inject user variables during failed authentication attempts that persist into subsequent successful logins, potentially escalating privileges or bypassing security controls.

- **Severity:** Medium 4.3 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 9 Jun 2026
- **Updated:** 9 Jun 2026
- **Also known as:** GHSA-j38x-xm7f-9p2f

## What is CVE-2026-49848?

CVE-2026-49848 is a medium-severity authentication bypass vulnerability in signalwire freeswitch, published on 9 Jun 2026. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to version 1.11.1, mod_verto's check_auth userauth branch wrote request-supplied userVariables into the connection state before comparing the supplied password. The writes are append-only and the connection is not closed on a failed compare, so values declared on bad-password attempts persisted on the same WebSocket and carried into a subsequent successful login on that connection. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.1.

Weakness: CWE-287 (Improper Authentication)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2026-49848?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Freeswitch Freeswitch.

## How do I fix CVE-2026-49848?

No fix has been published for CVE-2026-49848 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2026-49848 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2026-49848 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in signalwire freeswitch

- [CVE-2026-49841](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-49841/): FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication heap buffer overflow in `mod_verto` HTTP POST body read (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2019-19492](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-19492/): Hardcoded credentials in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2026-49840](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-49840/): FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication heap buffer overflow in libesl `Content-Length` parsing (critical 9.1)
- [CVE-2021-41145](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-41145/): FreeSWITCH susceptible to Denial of Service via SIP flooding (high 8.6)
- [CVE-2026-45771](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-45771/): Freeswitch Denial-of-Service in SIP PUBLISH Requests via XML Entity Expansion (high 7.5)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2026-49848 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2026-49848 is a medium-severity authentication bypass vulnerability in signalwire freeswitch, published on 9 Jun 2026. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2026-49848 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: signalwire freeswitch. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-49848/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-49848/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-49848
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49848
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-49848

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-49848/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.