{"answers":{"affected":"2 open source packages ship an affected version, including protobuf.","exploited":"It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-54451 exists.","fix":"Upgrade protobuf to 0.16.1 or later.","what":"CVE-2026-54451 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in elixir-protobuf protobuf, published on 17 Sep 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2026-54451 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2026-54451 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in elixir-protobuf protobuf, published on 17 Sep 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-54451 exists.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- protobuf (Hex): affected from 0.8.0; fixed in 0.16.1\n- protobuf (Hex): affected from 0.8.0; fixed in 0.16.1\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-54451/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-54451/index.md)","id":"CVE-2026-54451","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-54451/index.md","name":"CVE-2026-54451","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg","UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54451"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["denial_of_service"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Elixir protobuf library","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can cause denial of service in Elixir applications by sending deeply nested protobuf messages that exhaust CPU and memory resources.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"denial_of_service"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"GitHub_M","cpe":[],"cvss":{"score":8.2,"severity":"high","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-674","name":"Uncontrolled Recursion"}],"description":"Elixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential or cyclic message type. In lib/protobuf/decoder.ex, Protobuf.Decoder.value_for_field/3 handles an embedded?: true field by recursively entering the decode / build_message / handle_value / value_for_field call chain without enforcing a nesting-depth limit. Deeply nested embedded fields retain non-tail recursive frames, allowing a comparatively small request to consume substantial CPU and memory, pin a BEAM scheduler, and exhaust the node. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.1.","ecosystems":["Hex"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"weaponised"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Elixir protobuf: Unbounded recursion depth in embedded-message decoding","id":"CVE-2026-54451","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"Hex","product":null,"products":[],"type":"denial_of_service","year":"2026"},"n_packages":2,"n_references":4,"next":{"headline":"safeurl: Missing IPv6 CIDR Ranges in Blocklist","id":"CVE-2026-54452"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Hex","fixed":["0.16.1"],"introduced":["0.8.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg"},{"ecosystem":"Hex","fixed":["0.16.1"],"introduced":["0.8.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"protobuf","purl":"pkg:hex/protobuf","source":"GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg"}],"prev":{"headline":"ToolHive: SSRF guard misses IPv6 NAT64 ranges (64:ff9b::/96, 64:ff9b:1::/48), allowing metadata/internal access behind a NAT64 gateway","id":"CVE-2026-54450"},"products":["protobuf"],"published":"2026-09-17","related":[],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"poc","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-09-21","vendors":["elixir-protobuf"]},"summary":"Attackers can cause denial of service in Elixir applications by sending deeply nested protobuf messages that exhaust CPU and memory resources.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-54451/"}