# CVE-2026-54627: SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL PSD decoder (Bitmap mode ignores depth)

> A heap out-of-bounds write in the SAIL image library allows attackers to execute code or crash applications via crafted PSD files.

- **Severity:** Critical 9.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 17 Sep 2026
- **Updated:** 18 Sep 2026
- **Also known as:** DEBIAN-CVE-2026-54627, GHSA-ccqf-rv86-h3wm, UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54627

## What is CVE-2026-54627?

CVE-2026-54627 is a critical memory corruption vulnerability in HappySeaFox sail, published on 17 Sep 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, psd_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/psd/helpers.c resolves a one-channel PSD in Bitmap color mode to SAIL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BPP1_INDEXED without requiring the file depth to be one, so the pixel buffer uses one-bit rows while sail_codec_load_frame_v8_psd() in src/sail-codecs/psd/psd.c accepts depth == 8 and writes one attacker-controlled byte per pixel. Loading a crafted PSD through sail_load_from_file() or sail_load_from_memory() therefore writes beyond each heap row, causing memory corruption, a reliable crash, or potential code execution. This mode/depth mismatch is distinct from GHSA-rcqx-gc76-r9mv and GHSA-wcj8-hxxf-pq2c. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.0.

Weakness: CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write), CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2026-54627?


## How do I fix CVE-2026-54627?

Upgrade to a fixed version.

## Is CVE-2026-54627 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-54627 exists.

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2026-54627 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2026-54627 is a critical memory corruption vulnerability in HappySeaFox sail, published on 17 Sep 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2026-54627 exists.

Affected product: HappySeaFox sail. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-54627/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-54627/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-54627
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54627
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-54627

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-54627/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.