GHSA-pmwq-pjrm-6p5r in-toto-golang and in-toto-python have inconsistent negation behavior
Inconsistent glob negation syntax between Go and Python in-toto libraries allows bypassing artifact verification rules in mixed-implementation pipelines.
- Exploited in the wild
- Not known
- Login needed
- Not needed
- Attackable
- Over the internet
- Victim action needed
- Not needed
- Fix
- Available
What is GHSA-pmwq-pjrm-6p5r?
GHSA-pmwq-pjrm-6p5r is a vulnerability in github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang, published on 8 May 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Official description
Impact
What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?
in-toto-golang and in-toto-python both support glob patterns in artifact rules to indicate the artifacts that a rule applies to. Both support negations in character classes to indicate what should not be matched, but they used different operators to indicate the negation. in-toto-python uses ! while in-toto-golang used ^. A layout authored with the expectations of one implementation can therefore exhibit different behavior in the other implementation.
This impacts users in a specific set of circumstances where two different implementations are used to verify the same layout + attestation bundle at different stages of the same pipeline. As a rule of thumb, we advise using a single implementation across all aspects of a pipeline, from layout creation to pipeline execution and verification to prevent this class of bugs.
Patches
Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?
in-toto-golang has been updated to use ! instead of ^ to indicate negation. See https://github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang/pull/462. This is part of v0.11.0.
Which versions are affected by GHSA-pmwq-pjrm-6p5r?
3 open source packages ship an affected version, including github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang.
| Package | Affected | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang Go | All versions | 0.11.0 |
github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang Go | All versions | 0.11.0 |
github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang Go | All versions | 0.11.0 |
How do I fix GHSA-pmwq-pjrm-6p5r?
Upgrade github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang to 0.11.0 or later.
Is GHSA-pmwq-pjrm-6p5r being exploited?
There is no known exploitation of GHSA-pmwq-pjrm-6p5r in the wild and no public exploit code.
Sources
Also known as GO-2026-5547.